اعتراضات ۲۰۱۸ ارمنستان

اعتراضات ۲۰۱۸ ارمنستان
	معترضان on ۲۲ آوریل ۲۰۱۸
تاریخ	۱۳ آوریل ۲۰۱۸ – در جریان; (۶ سال و ۹ ماه)
مکان	ارمنستان: ایروان، گیومری، وانادزور، آبوویان، سوان, گاوار، آرتاشات، آرماویر، آشتاراک، واغارشاپات، کاپان; جماعت ارمنیان پراکنده: گلندیل, مسکو، مارسی، تورنتو، مونترآل، ونکوور, آتن، لندن، برلین، بوئنوس آیرس، سائو پائولو
علت‌ها	انتخاب سرژ سارگسیان به سمت نخست‌وزیر ارمنستان
هدف‌ها	Originally: Resignation of سرژ سارگسیان as PM; Later added: Snap elections to the مجلس ملی جمهوری ارمنستان; Later added: Removal of the Republican Party from power; Later added: Appointment of Pashiniyan as interim prime minister until snap elections are held;
روش‌ها	تظاهرات، تحصنs, student protest, نافرمانی مدنی، کنشگری اینترنتی، بایکوتs of business, general strike
وضعیت	Ongoing
امتیازهای; داده‌شده	سرژ سارگسیان resigned as the Prime Minister; Republican Party decides to not put forward candidate in 1 May vote for new Prime Minister;
طرف‌های درگیری مدنی
Political opposition Civil Contract; Supported by: اتحاد راه خروج; Free Democrats; حزب ارمنستان شکوفا (BHK) (از 23 آوریل); فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی (از 28 آوریل);	دولت ارمنستان پلیس جمهوری ارمنستان (incl. non-uniformed officers); سرویس امنیت ملی; Organized crime and oligarchs; حزب‌های سیاسی: حزب جمهوری‌خواه ارمنستان; فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی (تا 25 آوریل);
چهره‌های شاخص
نیکول پاشینیان MP (detained from 22 to 23 April)	سرژ سارگسیان (ex-president, نخست‌وزیر); کارن کاراپتیان (کفیل نخست‌وزیر)
آمار
۲۰۰٬۰۰۰ (ایروان, 23 آوریل); ۱۱۵٬۰۰۰ (ایروان, 22 آوریل); ۱۰٬۰۰۰ (گیومری, 27 آوریل); ۵٬۰۰۰ (در گلندیل, کالیفرنیا)
Injuries
40 (as of April 16)	6 policemen (as of April 16)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Armenian_protests

Various political and civil groups led by member of parliament نیکول پاشینیان (head of Civil Contract party) staged anti-government protests in Armenia (most commonly known as #MerzhirSerzhin (ارمنی: ՄերժիրՍերժին‎ for "#RejectSerzh") in April and May 2018. Protests and marches took place initially in response to سرژ سارگسیان's third consecutive term as the most powerful figure in the government of the Armenia, and later against the حزب جمهوری‌خواه ارمنستان-controlled government in general. Pashinyan declared it a Velvet Revolution (Թավշյա հեղափոխություն).^[۲۴]

On 23 April, Sargsyan conceded, saying "I was wrong, while Nikol Pashinyan was right" and resigned.^[۲۵]^[۲۶] The event is referred to by some as a مقاومت بدون خشونت انقلاب akin to انقلاب رنگی.^[۲۷]^[۲۸]^[۲۹] By the evening of 25 April the Republican Party’s coalition partner ARF-Dashnaktsutyun had withdrawn from the coalition.^[۹]

By 28 April all of the opposition parties in Armenia's parliament had announced they would support Pashiniyan's candidacy.^[۳۰] A vote was scheduled in the National Assembly for 1 May - for Pashiniyan to be elected Prime Minister, which required 53 votes, he would have had to win the votes of at least six members of the Republican Party.^[۳۱] Pashinyan was the only candidate who was put forward for the vote.^[۳۲] However, the Republican Party unanimously voted against Pashinyan - 102 MPs were present, out of which 56 voted against his candidacy and 45 voted for it.^[۳۳] Under the Constitution of Armenia, a second vote will be held a week later; the National Assembly will be dissolved and elections will be called if the second vote fails to produce a new prime minister.^[۳۴]

نامزدی سارگسیان برای سمت نخست‌وزیری[ویرایش]

Demonstrations and protests began in March 2018, when members of the حزب جمهوری‌خواه ارمنستان did not exclude the option of nominating سرژ سارگسیان for the prime minister's post.^[۳۵]^[۳۶]^[۳۷]^[۳۸] This meant a continuation of Sargsyan's rule (as either Prime Minister or President) since March 2007. He had amended the constitution in 2015 to remove term limits which would have prevented him doing this.^[۳۹]

Protesters had vowed to block the party's headquarters on 14 April, where leaders were going to gather to formally nominate Serzh Sargsyan for prime minister. The حزب جمهوری‌خواه ارمنستان held its meeting outside of capital ایروان and unanimously voted to formally nominate Serzh Sargsyan for the office of نخست‌وزیر ارمنستان.^[۴۰] The coalition partner فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی (ARF-D) supported the ruling Republican Party’s decision.^[۴۱]

اعتراضات[ویرایش]

About 100 protesters stayed overnight on France Square after the first day of protests, and an equal number did the same on Saturday night, some sleeping in tents, others gathered around fires. As of Sunday morning, the Armenian police had made no effort to disrupt the demonstrations.^[۴۰]

On Monday 16 April, the "Take a Step, Reject Serzh" campaign began actions of civil disobedience. On 17 April, the day that the prime minister's election was scheduled, the protesters intended to block entrances to the building of the مجلس ملی جمهوری ارمنستان in order to prevent the vote from taking place.^[۴۲] Lines of riot police stopped them from advancing further towards the National Assembly building.^[۴۳]

After the election of the former president Serzh Sargsyan as the new prime minister, the protests continued to grow, despite hundreds of people being detained by police.^[۴۴]^[۴۵] The prime minister in response asked the government to take back the presidential mansion which it had given him a few weeks earlier.^[۴۶] The crowds reached 50,000^[۴۷] on the night of 21 April, with countless sporadic street closures in the capital, which also began to spread across the country.^[۴۸]

As the crowds have grown, the new prime minister has called repeatedly for talks with the leader of the protest movement, Nikol Pashinyan, though Pashinyan has said he is only willing to discuss the terms of the Prime Minister's resignation.^[۴۹] After Pashinyan's rally was visited by the Armenian President on the evening of 21 April for a brief chat with Pashinyan,^[۵۰] Pashinyan agreed to meet the prime minister at 10 am on 22 April, saying he believed the topic would be Serzh Sargsyan's resignation.^[۵۱]

22 آوریل[ویرایش]

The meeting, which lasted for a mere three minutes,^[۵۲] failed to achieve anything, with Sargsyan walking out of it and accusing the opposition of "blackmail".^[۵۳] During the meeting, Sargsyan asked Pashinyan not to speak on behalf of the people and not to issue ultimatums to the government, given the low level of support for his political alliance (less than 10 percent of the vote). He also warned that Pashinyan had not "learned the lessons of March 1", a reference to the 10 protestors killed by police during protests of his election 10 years earlier, amounting to an open threat of violence.^[۵۴]

Immediately after the meeting, Pashinyan led a group of supporters from the site of the meeting by میدان جمهوری ایروان on a long march down Tigran Mets and Artsakh streets to the Erebuni district, where they were met by riot police and stun grenades as Pashinyan was detained followed by mass detentions of protestors, including opposition lawmakers Sasun Mikaelyan and Ararat Mirzoyan.^[۵۵]^[۵۶] Protests continue throughout the city. By the evening 232 protestors had been arrested,^[۵۷] and, according to رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی، tens of thousands^[۵۸] gathered in Republic Square to continue to demand the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan. The police issued a statement saying that Pashinyan, Mikaelyan and Mirzoyan had been detained for 72 hours; criminal charges may only be brought against them if the Republican-controlled National Assembly strips them of their parliamentary immunity.^[۵۹]

23 آوریل[ویرایش]

Protests resumed on 23 April, with media outlets reporting that former and current members of the نیروهای مسلح ارمنستان، including participants of the درگیری‌های ۲۰۱۶ جمهوری آذربایجان و ارمنستان، have joined in the rallies for the first time.^[۶۰]^[۶۱]^[۶۲]^[۶۳] This information was later confirmed by the Ministry of Defence.^[۶۴]

Pashinyan was released at 3pm, and went directly to Republic Square where he spoke briefly, saying he would return at 6:30pm. By 4:30pm, Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan had posted a message on the official website of the prime minister announcing his resignation.^[۶۵] Former Prime Minister کارن کاراپتیان succeeded Sargsyan as acting Prime Minister.^[۶۶]

25 آوریل[ویرایش]

Pashinyan called for renewed protests on 25 April after talks with the Republican Party were cancelled due to Karapetyan’s refusal to accept preconditions laid down by Pashinyan.^[۹] Earlier Pashinyan stated that the Republican Party has no right to hold power in Armenia, and that the "people's candidate" should be appointed prime minister prior to holding snap elections.^[۶۷]^[۶۸] He added that the protest movement should nominate this transitional prime minister, a position that is rejected by the current government as it would violate the law.^[۶۸] Protesters took to the streets to block the road to Yerevan’s international airport and the road leading to the border with Georgia.^[۶۹] Meanwhile, the Prosperous Armenia Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation both seem to have declared their support for Pashinyan's movement, with the latter pulling out of the ruling coalition.^[۷۰] Pashiniyan has vowed to continue the protests until he is appointed prime minister.^[۱۰]

1 مه[ویرایش]

2 مه[ویرایش]

واکنش‌ها[ویرایش]

On 4 April ادمون ماروکیان، leader of the ارمنستان روشن party, which cooperates with the Civil Contract party lead by نیکول پاشینیان in the اتحاد راه خروج published an article in آراووت newspaper, in which he stated his preference of formal means of counteraction to the ruling coalition over civil disobedience actions.^[۷۱]

Leader of the Free Democrats party and former MP Khachatur Kokobelyan attended protests and expressed his support for the actions.^[۱۳]

Many cultural figures have already declared solidarity with the opposition movement. In particular, well-known musician سرژ تانکیان of سیستم آو ا داون addressed the activists declaring his solidarity and support, stressing the impermissibility of one-party rule in Armenia.^[۷۲] Some organizations of the جماعت ارمنیان پراکنده، in particular the Congress of Armenians of Europe, also expressed support for the opposition.^[۷۳]

واکنش‌های بین‌المللی‌[ویرایش]

روسیه: Foreign Ministry spokeswoman ماریا زاخارووا praised the peaceful transition, adding that "Armenia, Russia is always with you!"^[۷۴] A statement on FM official web page reads: "We hope that the situation will develop exclusively in the legal and constitutional field, and all political forces will show responsibility and readiness for a constructive dialogue. We are convinced that the prompt return of life in the country to normal and the restoration of public accord meet the fundamental interests of the fraternal Armenia."^[۷۵]
ایالات متحده آمریکا: On 23 April US Ambassador Richard Mills praised the Armenian police and anti-government protesters led by نیکول پاشینیان for avoiding bloodshed during their standoff that led to the resignation of Prime Minister سرژ سارگسیان. A statement by the US State Department expressed hope that his successor will be chosen in a transparent and constitutional manner. The statement also called on Armenia’s leading political groups to “avoid an escalation of the situation and any violent actions. ”^[۷۶]
اتحادیه اروپا: On 24 April the head of the EU Delegation to Armenia hailed the success in the civic disobedience campaign in the country, promising a more intensive process towards the ratification of Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement.^[۷۷]
میخیل ساآکاشویلی، former president of Georgia, released a video on 23 April congratulating the Armenian people on Sargsyan's resignation. He stated: "Today you have every right to be proud of yourself, to be proud of the fact that you are Armenians, the proud people who could prove to the whole world that they has dignity, that they want to live in normal human conditions, free from corruption. Armenia has a great future; today I was convinced of it again. I support you, we will always be with you. Well done!"^[۷۸] He also claimed that the movement is a "rebellion against Russia".^[۷۹]