روان پویشی فشرده و کوتاه مدت دوانلو

psychodynamic

istd

=دوانلو

One of the ways to expand this method is to hold a short-term psychodynamic workshop and train an expert therapis The short-term psychodynamic therapy method was designed by the Iranian scientist Habib Dovanlo, in which the long-term, ineffective, unorganized and unclear method of psychoanalysis has been transformed into a short-term, effective, organized and clear method. Short-term psychodynamics facilitates the rapid resolution of a wide range of emotional disorders. Short-term psychodynamic interventions or ISTDP are specifically designed to address anxiety, depression, personality disorders, communication problems, physical complaints that are the result of emotional stress reactions (such as headaches) and such destructive behavior patterns. ISTDP believes that interpersonal problems or psychological traumas are rooted in childhood and early attachments.

Short-term psychodynamic applications

An important goal in ISTDP is to help patients overcome their internal resistance to experiencing their true feelings in the past and present, feelings that have been repressed because they were too frightening or painful. Short-term psychodynamic effort to experience these suppressed unconscious emotions (anger, guilt, sadness, love) as soon as possible

Davanloo, H. "Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy." In Kaplan, H. and Sadock, B. (eds), Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th ed, Vol 2, Chapter 30.9, 2628–2652. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

The axes of short-term psychodynamic therapy are based on the nature of disclosure and the type of therapeutic relationship. Short-term psychodynamic method is a very effective method in treating anxiety and stress, depression, personality disorders, communication problems with others, etc. This treatment method is provided in the form of a short-term psychodynamic workshop by reputable psychology centers

Davanloo, H. (1995). Intensive short-term psychotherapy with highly resistant patients. I. Handling resistance. In H. Davanloo, Unlocking the unconscious: Selected papers of Habib Davanloo, MD. New York: Wiley. (pp. 1-27).

Origins and theoretical foundations of ISTDP (short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy):

In 1895, Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud published their study of hysteria. They presented a series of case studies in which patients with significant neurological symptoms, such as Anna O's case, suffered from headaches, partial paralysis, sensory loss, and visual disturbances. These symptoms did not fit the known patterns of neurological disease; Therefore, neurologists were not able to explain the symptoms based solely on anatomical or physiological laws. Brewer's breakthrough was the discovery that by encouraging patients to talk freely about difficult emotional aspects of their lives, symptoms could be alleviated. Experiencing these feelings, which were previously outside of one's consciousness, seemed to be a therapeutic factor. This treatment became known as catharsis (purification); It means experiencing forbidden or painful feelings that were previously suppressed or denied.Freud tried various techniques to deal with the fact that patients are generally resistant to experiencing painful sensations. He went from hypnosis to free association, resistance interpretation and dream interpretation; With each step, the treatment became longer. Freud himself was quite open about the fact that analysis probably provided little or no relief for many patients

Freud, S. & Breuer, J. (1957). Studies on Hysteria. In J. Strachey & A. Strachey (Eds. & Trans). New York: Basic Books, Inc. (Original work published 1895)

From the 1930s to the 1950s, a number of analysts conducted research on ways to shorten the treatment period without compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. These people were Sandor Ferenci, Franz Alexander, Peter Sifneus, David Malan and Habib Dovanlo. One of the first discoveries was that patients benefit most from therapy who can quickly engage in the therapeutic process, describe a specific therapeutic focus, and quickly experience their previously buried emotions.

This group of patients were healthier from the beginning and had less need for the treatment provided. Also, clinical research showed that these "rapid responders" recovered very quickly with treatment; Because they had the least damage and the least repressed emotional load. As a result, they had the least resistance to experiencing emotions related to trauma.However, these patients were only a small minority of those who referred to psychiatric clinics. The vast majority remained unattainable with new techniques being developed.

A number of psychiatrists began to direct their psychotherapy research with methods of overcoming resistance. David Malan popularized a model of resistance, known as the conflict triangle, which was first proposed by Henry Azriel. At the bottom of the triangle, the patient's real, impulsive feelings are outside of conscious awareness. When these emotions rise to a certain level that they penetrate conscious awareness, they cause anxiety. The patient manages this anxiety by employing defenses and reduces the anxiety by returning feelings to the unconscious. Emotions at the bottom of Malan's conflict triangle originate from the patient's past.Malan's second triangle, the person triangle, was originally proposed by Menninger. According to the person triangle, old feelings that have developed in the past trigger the patient's repressed feelings in the current relationship as well as in the relationship with the therapist

Malan, D. & Coughlin Della Selva, P. (2006). Lives transformed: A revolutionary method of dynamic psychotherapy (Rev. ed.). London: Karnac Books.

Basic principles of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy:

Short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy was developed based on psychoanalytic theory and a complete understanding of implicit and unconscious processes that are the cause of most of the patient's symptoms and sufferings. This therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of early human attachment experiences in shaping the way people subsequently think and act

Davanloo, H. (1995). The technique of unlocking the unconscious in patients suffering from functional disorders. Part 1. Restructuring Ego's defenses. In H. Davanloo, Unlocking the unconscious: Selected papers of Habib Davanloo, MD. New York: Wiley. (pp. 283-306).

According to Dovanlo, the beginning of neurotic disorders is from the child's unhealthy and unsafe relationships in the experience of attachment with the significant people in his life (mother). The child gets angry with the mother because of the harms he experienced in relation to the mother (meaningful people in life), then he feels guilty for having a deadly anger towards the mother, since he loves her, these conflicting feelings in the child It causes anxiety in his mental system. To lower this anxiety, he unconsciously uses psychological defense mechanisms. The child does not have the capacity to experience these conflicting emotions and in order not to have a mental breakdown, he is forced to use defense mechanisms. While, the use of these defenses in adulthood is the main cause of human suffering and psychological problems.Duvanlow discovered that it is guilt that is a key ingredient in the formation of symptoms, personality problems, and interpersonal issues. In fact, unconscious efforts to avoid intimacy and emotional closeness are usually the product of this guilt; But at the deepest layer of emotions, there is a powerful longing for emotional closeness and intimacy

What is the difference between pain and suffering?

Pain is inevitable in life. Humans will have many experiences of failure, failure and loss during their life. But what causes mental problems and symptoms of neurosis in a person is self-inflicted suffering. Self-inflicted suffering is the reconstruction of the experiences of victimization and repeating the scenario of one's abuse. Ultimately, it is the patient's defenses that perpetuate resentment in life. Defenses are the patient's ways of resisting the reality and the feelings caused by it and ignoring his inner life

What is Alliance Therapy in ISTDP (Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy)?

The task of therapy in this approach is to help the patient to identify and see the defenses that cause him suffering in life so that he can turn away from them and return to his authentic feelings that he fears and avoids. In this way, the patient unites with the therapist to create a relationship in order to change; which is called therapeutic alliance and it is necessary to start and continue an effective therapeutic process

What is unconscious unlocking?

Since the human unconscious is the reservoir of his buried feelings; Dovanlo's focus is on unlocking the unconscious. Unconscious unlocking means the therapist breaks down the patient's defenses to access repressed emotions. Therefore, the therapist does not accompany the client's defenses, but shows him the defenses and their costs and helps him to overcome them. Finally, with a deep and genuine experience of his emotions, the patient will be able to direct them towards adaptive actions and gain insight into the primary causes of the use of these defenses

Davanloo, H. (2000). Intensive short-term psychotherapy—Central Dynamic Sequence: Phase of Challenge. In H. Davanloo, Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Selected papers of Habib Davanloo, MD. New York: Wiley. (pp. 209-234)

Transfer phenomenon

The process of activating past emotions, anxiety, and defenses in the therapeutic relationship is called transference. In the transference phenomenon, the patient experiences feelings in relation to the therapist during the therapy session; This is the same vertex of the therapist in Malan's triangle. In fact, transference feelings are the reconstruction of feelings buried in one's unconscious towards the sources of primary attachment to which one has these feelings. Therefore, they can help facilitate the therapeutic process, because they give clues to the therapist. Duvanlo also emphasized the transference emotions and their helpful role in the treatment process. However, transferences are not representative of patients' emotional reactions in general

The function of person triangles and conflict in the therapeutic process:

When the therapist asks the patient about his feelings, the patient may answer in three ways; with emotion, anxiety or defense. The patient's response provides information about his functioning in his current relationships and guides the therapist for further intervention. In fact, the dynamic sequence in this approach directs both the therapist and the client to the conflicts that have caused the client's current problems. In general, in the treatment process, the triangle of the person, which is a visual representation of the relationships in which the intrapsychic conflicts are formed, is examined; In the way that the patient's feelings, anxiety and defenses are taken care of in all three vertices of the person's triangle

Dynamics and flexibility of treatment process in ISTDP:

This treatment is not used for all people with a fixed pattern; Rather, the treatment model is designed based on the individual's characteristics and his anxiety tolerance. If the patient has a low anxiety tolerance, the therapist first helps the patient to increase the anxiety tolerance and identify physical symptoms, and when the anxiety tolerance is improved, the patient begins to safely experience his feelings in the treatment process. Therefore, in the entire treatment process, the therapist must measure the patient's anxiety level, his self-observation capacity and the type of defense system he uses at every moment. So the patient's response to each intervention is used as a diagnostic tool as well as a guide for subsequent interventions

Summary

Short-term psychodynamics, unlike psychoanalysis, which takes many sessions, is short-term, and the psychotherapist, from the very beginning, The activist becomes angry with the resistance of the patient. harvest

Milad. nouzari76 (بحث) ‏۱۲ اکتبر ۲۰۲۳، ساعت ۰۱:۰۸ (UTC)

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